Introduction to Off-Grid Solar System
With rising electricity demand and costs, solar power stands out for its cost-effectiveness and efficiency gains. A solar system, comprising panels, inverters, batteries, and more, converts sunlight into electricity. Ranging from 1 kWh to 10 kW, these systems cater to diverse energy needs. Off-grid solar system for homes offer complete energy independence, generating electricity, hot water, and space heating. Components like solar panels (converting sunlight to DC), inverters (AC conversion), charge controllers (battery management), & backup generators ensure continuous power in off-grid systems. This approach combines solar reliability with backup flexibility, making it a popular choice for eco-conscious and cost-effective residential energy solutions.
What is Off-Grid Solar System (with Battery)?
An off-grid solar system with battery storage and backup is a self-sustaining energy solution that operates independently from the national grid. Comprising solar panels, an inverter, batteries, and balancing systems, this setup provides electricity even during power cuts or at night. Remote locations with limited grid connectivity are popular choices for those seeking to install power systems.
These systems, also known as Stand-Alone PV systems, allow energy consumption simultaneously with production or storage in batteries. They capture solar energy through photovoltaic panels, store it in batteries, and convert it into usable electricity via an inverter. Off-grid solar systems are especially beneficial for areas with unreliable grid access or extreme weather conditions.
By utilizing sunlight directly, off-grid systems promote energy independence, environmental sustainability, and cost savings. Homeowners in remote or off-grid areas can enjoy uninterrupted power while reducing their reliance on fossil fuels, making off-grid solar a compelling option for sustainable living.
How does an off grid solar system work?
An off-grid solar system operates independently from the conventional electrical grid and comprises four essential components: solar panels, a solar inverter, batteries, and system balancing. Solar panels convert sunlight into DC current and store it in batteries for later use. To power DC devices such as fans and lights (12V), a charge controller is essential, while an inverter converts DC to AC voltage (220V) for operating AC appliances..
Modern inverters seamlessly manage this conversion process, efficiently directing electricity flow to charge batteries and power appliances directly. During grid outages, batteries serve as a reliable backup power source. The off-grid solar system comprises three blocks: Production (solar panels generate electricity), Storage (charge controller manages batteries), and Usage (solar inverter converts stored power for appliances). This organized framework empowers off-grid systems to provide consistent and sustainable electricity, particularly in remote areas without access to the grid or during disruptions in power supply.
Off Grid Solar System Elements
An off-grid solar system typically comprises several key elements that work together to generate, store, and distribute electricity independently of the main power grid. These elements include:
- Solar Panels (PV Modules): These are the primary components that capture sunlight and convert it into DC (direct current) electricity through photovoltaic cells.
- Charge Controller: The charge controller regulates the voltage and current from the solar panels to the batteries. It prevents overcharging and optimizes the charging process to extend battery life.
- Battery Bank: This is where the DC electricity generated by the solar panels is stored. Batteries are crucial for storing excess energy produced during sunny periods for use during cloudy days or at night when solar panel production is reduced.
- Inverter: The inverter converts DC electricity from the batteries into AC (alternating current) electricity, which is the type of electricity used by most household appliances and devices.
- Backup Generator (Optional): Some off-grid systems may include a backup generator powered by diesel, propane, or natural gas. The generator can provide additional power during extended periods of low sunlight or when battery reserves are depleted.
- System Monitoring and Control: Many off-grid systems also incorporate monitoring and control devices to track energy production, battery status, and overall system performance. This helps users optimize energy usage and identify potential issues promptly.
Off-Grid Solar System Price
In India, the cost of an off-grid solar system for a 1 kW system can range from Rs. 45,000 to Rs. 70,000 ($600 to $900), whereas larger systems can cost up to Rs. 1.5 lakhs ($2,000). These systems provide electricity to fans, TVs, and air conditioners, among other household appliances. For homes with two to four bedrooms, a 3 kW system is recommended, while commercial settings require a 10 kW system. They run around the clock, using stored energy through inverters at night to provide a steady supply of electricity and charging batteries during the day.
| Capacity | MRP (Inlcusive of All Taxes) | Consumer’s Price (Inclusive of All Taxes) |
| 0.5 kW | ₹85000 | ₹65000 |
| 1kW | ₹150000 | ₹96000 |
| 3kW | ₹350000 | ₹285000 |
| 5kWh | ₹680000 | ₹485000 |
| 7.5kW | ₹1150000 | ₹665000 |
| 10kW | ₹1300000 | ₹950000 |
(Note: Any solar system’s price is influenced by factors such as brand, technology, warranty, and servicing.)
Differences between on grid and off grid solar system
The way on- and off-grid solar systems are connected to the electrical grid is the primary distinction between them. An off-grid solar system runs independently and saves excess energy in batteries for usage during periods of scarce sunlight. An on-grid solar system links to the utility grid and feeds excess electricity back to it.
Off Grid Solar Energy System Installation Costs
The cost of installing a solar energy system varies depending on the system size and components. For example, a 1 kWh solar system with a single inverter battery can cost around INR 25,000, while a system with a double inverter battery may cost INR 50,000.
At Solar sense, a 1 kWh solar system with Battery costs around INR 105,000. Which is suitable for powering a 3-4 BHK home for 8-10 hours. A 3 kW off-grid solar system costs INR 2,85,000 and is ideal for larger homes, shops, and offices. For even bigger setups, a 5 kW system is priced at INR 4,85,000, and a 10 kW off-grid solar system, capable of generating 50 units daily, costs around INR 9,50,000.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Off-Grid Solar Systems
Off-grid solar systems present unique strengths and challenges compared to traditional energy setups. Here are some key considerations:
Strengths:
- Energy Autonomy: Off-grid systems offer complete energy autonomy, empowering users to manage their energy production and consumption independently.
- Environmental Impact: By relying on renewable energy sources like solar power, off-grid systems contribute positively to reducing carbon footprints and environmental impact.
- Remote Accessibility: They are ideal for remote or rural areas without reliable grid access, providing a sustainable energy solution where traditional options may be limited.
- Resilience: Off-grid systems are less susceptible to grid failures and outages, ensuring consistent power supply even during emergencies.
Challenges:
- Initial Investment: Setting up an off-grid solar system can require a significant upfront investment, including the cost of solar panels, batteries, and other components.
- Maintenance: While relatively low-maintenance, off-grid systems may require occasional upkeep and monitoring to ensure optimal performance and battery longevity.
- Energy Management: Predicting and managing energy usage can be more complex with off-grid systems, as they rely on stored energy from batteries during periods of low sunlight.
- Scalability: Expanding or upgrading off-grid systems may require additional investments and planning, especially as energy needs grow over time.
How to calculate off-grid solar system
To calculate the size of an off-grid solar system needed for your home & business, consider the energy requirements of your appliances. A 1 kW off-grid system can power a 2-4 BHK house. While a 3 kW system is suitable if you want to run a 1HP water pump. For setups requiring air conditioning, a 5 kW solar system is recommended for residential use. While commercial setups like shops or clinics should consider a 10 kW solar system.
Off-grid solar systems work day and night. During the day, solar panels charge the battery and power appliances such as air conditioners, coolers, TVs, and water pumps. Appliances run seamlessly on stored battery power via the inverter, ensuring uninterrupted electricity supply at night or during low sunlight.
